There is a bearing on each side of the hub.
Cup and cone ball bearings.
The cups are built into the shell of the hub.
Bearing surfaces are made from hardened steel.
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Angular contact bearings also allow easier maintenance adjustability and serviceability.
Cup cone bearing.
Steel balls roll between these two parts.
The surfaces are cut typically by grinding.
Angular contact bearings of the cup cone type offer greater strength than sealed cartridge industrial bearings due their ability to displace lateral and vertical loads more effectively for super smooth rotation and longer durability.
Round ball bearings roll on the curved surface of the cup and cone.
The cones are conical nuts that screw onto the axle.
If the cones are screwed on too far they exert pressure on the bearing balls.
In the left image below is a high quality cone magnified two hundred times.